MECONOPSIS
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MECONOPSIS
WORLD 40 Species
India. 20 Species
Also known as Queen
of Himalaya
Flowers 
of Himalaya Flowers English name. Blue Poppy
Local name. Neela Posta
Altitude. 2400 to 4700 mtr.
June to September
Habitat. In Rock crevices, Hill slopes,
Distribution. Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim,China
Uses. Whole plant is used in tonic, whole plant used in Tibetan medicine system as a painkiller. its use in treatment of fever and inflammation.
CAUTION--. WHOLE PLANT CONTAIN NARCOTICS CONSTITUTIONS; ROOTS ARE CONSIDERED TO BE POISONOUS
Codonopsis lanceolata
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कोडोनोप्सिस लांसोलता, जिसे डेओडोक या लांस एशियाबेल भी कहा जाता है, पूर्वी एशिया का मूल फूल है। यह बोनट बेलफलर की एक किस्म है।
BISTORTA
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BISTORTA
World. 50 species India 10
Altitude. 3000 to 4500 mtr.
June to September
Habitat. Mountain slopes, Moist please, Meadows.
Distribution. Uttarakhand, Himachal, Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan
Uses. Whole plant is used in treatment of Cold, diarrhoea; seeds are edibl.
MORINA
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MORINA
world 10 species India 5,
Named in honour of Louis Morin, a French botanical author of 17th century.
Local name :- Biskanakara, Biskandru
Habitat :- common in grassy slopes and alpine meadows and shrubberies.
Altitude :- 2800 to 4000. Mtr
Uses :- the roots are used in the treatment of boils and wounds
CODONOPSIS
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CODONOPSIS
World 30 species,India 15,
English name:- Bellwort
Best time:- July to August
Altitude :- 3000 to 3500mtr.
Distribution - Indian Himalayan regions
PRIMULA
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PRIMULA
World 100, India 12 species.
Altitude. 1500 to 4500. Mtr.
English name. Primrose, Drumstick PRIMULA,
LOCAL NAME. Jalkutre.
May to July
Habitat. Shady place in alpine zones, mountain slopes.
Distribution. Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan,
Uses. Flowers are used in alleviating diabetes and urinary diseases. Roots are used to kill Lice.
INULA
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INULA
WORLD :- 50 spices.
INDIA. :- 20 spices.
English name. :- Showy INULA
Late June to September
Altitude. 2000 to 3500 mtr.
Habitat :- very Common in grassy slopes.
Distribution. Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan
ASTER DIPLOSTEPHIOIDES
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ASTER DIPLOSTEPHIOIDES
BEST time June to September
Altitude. 3000to 5000 mtr
Habitat. Common in large numbers in grasslands, alpine meadows.
Distribution. Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Nepal, Bhutan
Uses. In Tibetan system of medicine, flowers 
are employed in treating fever,to arrest bleeding, influenza and poisoning.
are employed in treating fever,to arrest bleeding, influenza and poisoning.
POTENTILLA MICROPHYLLA
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POTENTILLA MICROPHYLLA
MICROPHYLLA: small leaved potential
Local name. Himalayan Cinquefoil, vajradanti
June to September
Altitude. 3600 to 5500mtr.
Habitat. Grassy slopes in alpine meadows
Distribution. Uttarakhand Himachal Pradesh Sikkim Nepal Bhutan
INULA
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INULA
WORLD 50 SPECIES,
INDIA 20 SPICES.
June to September
inula is a Latin name of the plant called Elecampane (Inula helenium)
English name :- Showy Inula.
Altitude :- 2000 to 3500 m.
Habitat :- very Common in grassy slopes, shrubberies.
Distribution :- uttarakhand, Himachal, Sikkim and Nepal.
Himalaya knotweed,
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English name. Himalaya knotweed,
Local name. Sarro, Haldu, Durfi
June to September
Habitat. Very Common in mountain slopes, meadows,
Distribution. Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, china
Altitude. 2000 to 4500 mtr.
Uses. Leaves are used as a vegetable. Young twigs are used in pickle.
POTENTILLA ATRISANGUINEA.
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POTENTILLA ATRISANGUINEA.
ENGLISH NAME :- Himalayan Cinquefoil
Local name :- Vajradanti,
June to mid September.
Habitat:- Alpine Meadows, or Rocky slopes, glacial moraines.
Altitude :- 2500 to 5500 m.
Distribution :- uttarakhand, Himachal, Sikkim and Nepal.
The Malabar
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The Malabar Whistling Thrush (Myophonus horsfieldii), also known as the Whistling Schoolboy, is a beautiful and melodious bird found in the Western Ghats of India. Here are some full details about the Malabar Whistling Thrush:
Physical Appearance:
Size: The Malabar Whistling Thrush is a medium-sized bird, measuring about 25 to 28 centimeters (10 to 11 inches) in length.
Coloration: The male has a striking appearance with a deep blue-black plumage. It has a prominent white patch on its wings, which is visible in flight. The female is similar but with a browner tone to its plumage.
Eyes: Both males and females have bright yellow eyes, which contrast beautifully with their dark feathers.
Beak: They have a strong, slightly decurved beak.
Range and Habitat:
The Malabar Whistling Thrush is native to the Western Ghats, a mountain range along the western coast of India. It is found in the states of Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Goa, and Maharashtra.
The bird prefers to inhabit evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, as well as wooded areas near streams and rivers.
Behavior and Diet:
This thrush is known for its melodious whistling calls, which are often heard early in the morning and at dusk. Its whistling notes have earned it the nickname "Whistling Schoolboy."
The Malabar Whistling Thrush is typically a shy and elusive bird, often seen foraging on the ground or near water bodies for insects, snails, worms, and small fruits.
It is known for its exceptional ability to mimic the sounds of other birds and even human-made noises.
Breeding and Reproduction:
The breeding season for the Malabar Whistling Thrush usually occurs during the monsoon months, from June to September.
The female builds a cup-shaped nest using twigs, moss, and leaves, usually placed on a rock ledge or a niche in a tree.
The female lays a clutch of 2-4 eggs, which she incubates for around 14-16 days.
Both parents participate in caring for the chicks after hatching.
Conservation Status:
Malabar Whistling Thrush is not globally considered a threatened species. However, like many birds in the Western Ghats, it faces habitat loss and degradation due to deforestation, human development, and other anthropogenic activities. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect its natural habitat and ensure its long-term survival.
The Malabar Whistling Thrush is a remarkable bird, admired for its enchanting calls and captivating appearance. Birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts often seek out the opportunity to observe and listen to this charismatic species in its native habitat.
The Mountain Scops Owl
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The Mountain Scops Owl
(Otus spilocephalus) is a small species of owl belonging to the family Strigidae. It is also known by other names, such as the Spotted Scops Owl or the Indian Scops Owl. Here are some full details about the Mountain Scops Owl:
Physical Appearance:
Size: The Mountain Scops Owl is a relatively small owl species, measuring about 7 to 8 inches (18 to 20 centimeters) in length.
Coloration: The upperparts of the owl are grayish-brown with prominent white spots and streaks, providing excellent camouflage in its habitat. The facial disc is pale with a distinctive black border, and the eyes are large and yellow. The underparts are generally lighter in color, with fine brown barring.
Ear Tufts: Like other scops owls, the Mountain Scops Owl has small, inconspicuous ear tufts on top of its head.
Range and Habitat:
The Mountain Scops Owl is found in the mountainous regions of South Asia, including the Himalayas, from northern India to Nepal and Bhutan. It prefers elevations ranging from 1,500 to 4,500 meters above sea level.
The owl inhabits various forest types, including mixed forests, coniferous forests, and broadleaf forests. It can also be found in wooded areas near human settlements.
Behavior and Diet:
The Mountain Scops Owl is a nocturnal bird, meaning it is primarily active during the night.
It is a solitary and secretive bird, well adapted to a life of stealth. During the day, it roosts in dense foliage, relying on its excellent camouflage to remain hidden from predators and human observers.
Its diet mainly consists of insects, including moths, beetles, grasshoppers, and other small invertebrates. It hunts from perches, swooping down to capture prey on the ground.
Breeding and Reproduction:
Not much is known about the breeding behavior of the Mountain Scops Owl due to its elusive nature.
It likely nests in tree cavities or uses abandoned nests of other birds to lay its eggs.
The female is responsible for incubating the eggs, while the male provides food during this period.
Conservation Status:
As of my last update in September 2021, the Mountain Scops Owl is listed as a species of "Least Concern" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This means that its population is considered stable, and it is not facing significant threats or declines on a global scale.
However, like many owl species, the Mountain Scops Owl might face localized threats due to habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as potential disturbances caused by human activities. Monitoring and conservation efforts are essential to ensure the continued well-being of this fascinating owl species.
Green-backed Tit
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"Green-backed Tit" (Parus monticolus) or the "Green-backed Titra" (Parus monticolus kleini), both of which are bird species found in the Himalayan region. Here are some details about these birds:
Green-backed Tit (Parus monticolus):
Common Name: Green-backed Tit
Scientific Name: Parus monticolus
Range: Found in the Himalayan region, including parts of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and some other neighboring countries.
Habitat: These birds inhabit a variety of forested habitats, including coniferous forests, mixed forests, and oak forests, typically found at higher elevations.
Physical Appearance:
The Green-backed Tit is a small bird with a distinctive color pattern.
It has a greenish-yellow back, olive-green wings and tail, and a yellowish-cream underside.
The head is black with a white patch on the cheeks.
The eyes are dark, and the beak is short and pointed.
Behavior and Diet:
Green-backed Tits are active and agile birds, often seen foraging in trees and bushes.
Their diet consists of a variety of insects, including caterpillars, spiders, and small beetles. They may also eat seeds and fruits.
Breeding and Reproduction:
Breeding season usually occurs during the spring and summer months.
The female builds a cup-shaped nest using moss, leaves, and feathers, usually hidden in tree branches.
The clutch size typically consists of 4-6 eggs.
Both parents participate in incubating the eggs and caring for the chicks.
Conservation Status:
,the Green-backed Tit (Parus monticolus) is not globally considered a threatened species. However, like many birds, it may face local challenges due to habitat loss and other environmental factors.
Woodpeckers
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Woodpeckers are a diverse group of birds belonging to the family Picidae, which is part of the order Piciformes. There are over 200 species of woodpeckers found all around the world, except for Australia, New Guinea, and Madagascar. Below are some key details about woodpeckers:
Physical Appearance:
Woodpeckers have distinct physical features that aid them in their unique feeding habits.
Most woodpeckers have a strong, chisel-like beak designed for drilling holes in trees to extract insects or sap.
Their stiff tail feathers and strong feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward provide support while climbing tree trunks.
Woodpeckers often have striking color patterns, including combinations of black, white, red, and various shades of brown.
Behavior and Feeding:
Woodpeckers are well-known for their drumming behavior, where they rapidly peck on tree trunks to communicate with other woodpeckers and establish territory.
They primarily feed on insects, such as beetles, ants, termites, and other larvae, which they locate by drumming on trees and listening for echoes.
Some woodpecker species also consume tree sap, fruits, nuts, and seeds.
They use their long tongues, which can extend far beyond their beaks, to extract insects from crevices and holes.
Habitat:
Woodpeckers inhabit various types of woodlands, including forests, wooded areas, and even urban parks and gardens with suitable trees.
Different species have adapted to different habitats, ranging from dense tropical rainforests to temperate and boreal forests.
Breeding and Reproduction:
Woodpeckers are typically monogamous during the breeding season.
They excavate nesting cavities in dead or decaying trees using their powerful beaks.
The female lays a clutch of eggs inside the cavity, and both parents take turns incubating the eggs and caring for the chicks.
After hatching, the chicks remain in the nest and are fed by the parents until they are ready to fledge.
Conservation Status:
The conservation status of woodpecker species varies depending on the region and habitat they inhabit. Some species are considered of least concern, while others are classified as endangered or vulnerable due to habitat loss, deforestation, and other human-induced factors.
Woodpeckers play crucial roles in their ecosystems by controlling insect populations and helping to create nesting sites for other cavity-nesting birds. They are also fascinating and charismatic birds, making them popular subjects for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts worldwide.
Kalij pheasant
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The Kalij pheasant
Also known as the Kalij, is a beautiful and popular species of pheasant native to the Himalayan region of South Asia. Here are some key details about the Kalij pheasant:
Scientific Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Galliformes
Family: Phasianidae
Subfamily: Phasianinae
Genus: Lophura
Species: Lophura leucomelanos
Physical Appearance:
The Kalij pheasant exhibits significant sexual dimorphism, meaning males and females have distinct physical characteristics. Here are the general features of both sexes:
Male Kalij Pheasant:
Size: The males are larger than the females.
Coloration: The males have glossy, iridescent black plumage with white and blue-grey spots on their wings and back. The tail feathers are long and colorful, displaying shades of green, blue, and bronze.
Comb and Wattle: The males have a distinctive red or blue facial skin patch, which may vary depending on the subspecies.
Legs and Feet: Their legs and feet are typically red or pinkish.
Female Kalij Pheasant:
Size: Smaller than the males.
Coloration: The females have more subdued plumage with brownish or grayish feathers, often featuring intricate patterns for camouflage.
Tail Feathers: The tail feathers of females are shorter and less showy compared to the males.
Distribution and Habitat:
The Kalij pheasant is found in various countries across the Himalayan region, including India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and parts of Southeast Asia. They prefer living in dense forests, especially in the lower foothills and valleys, where there is ample undergrowth and cover.
Behavior and Diet:
Kalij pheasants are generally shy and elusive birds. They are mostly ground-dwelling and spend their time foraging for food on the forest floor. Their diet primarily consists of seeds, insects, small reptiles, and plant matter.
Breeding and Reproduction:
During the breeding season, male Kalij pheasants perform elaborate courtship displays to attract females. These displays often involve fluffing up their plumage, spreading their wings, and making vocalizations. Once a pair forms a bond, the female builds a nest on the ground, concealed in dense vegetation. She lays a clutch of about 6-12 eggs, which she incubates for around 22-24 days. The chicks are precocial, which means they are relatively independent and mobile shortly after hatching.
Conservation Status:
The Kalij pheasant is listed as a species of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, as its overall population is relatively stable. However, like many other pheasant species, the Kalij faces threats such as habitat loss and hunting in some regions.
The Kalij pheasant's striking appearance and relatively calm demeanor have made it a popular choice for captive breeding and ornamental purposes in aviaries and zoos around the world. Additionally, it is sometimes hunted for its meat and feathers in certain areas, which can pose a localized threat to its populations. Efforts to conserve their natural habitats and regulate hunting activities are essential to ensure the continued survival of this magnificent bird
Oriental Turtle Dove
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Oriental Turtle DoveDescription:
The Oriental Turtle Dove is a medium-sized bird with a distinctive appearance. It has a plump body, a long and slender tail, and a small head. The plumage is mainly pale gray, with darker gray on the wings and back. The tail is marked with a broad dark band towards the tip. There is a black and white patch on the sides of the neck, and the face is pale with a dark eye stripe.
Distribution: The Oriental Turtle Dove has a vast range across Asia. It is found in a variety of habitats, including forests, woodlands, farmlands, and gardens. During migration, they may also be spotted in other regions, sometimes venturing into Europe.
Behavior: These doves are generally shy and elusive birds, often seen alone or in pairs. They are known for their gentle and melodious cooing calls, which are considered a characteristic sound of the countryside in many parts of Asia.
Diet: Oriental Turtle Doves primarily feed on seeds and grains, making them granivores. They may also consume some fruits and insects.
Breeding: They build their nests in trees, shrubs, or on man-made structures like ledges and buildings. The nest is a flimsy platform of twigs and grass. The female usually lays two eggs, which are incubated by both parents. The chicks hatch after about two weeks and are cared for by the parents until they can fend for themselves.
Conservation status:
The Oriental Turtle Dove is classified as a species of "Least Concern" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, like many bird species, they face threats such as habitat loss and hunting in some regions.
Blue Whistling
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The Blue Whistling Thrush (Myophonus caeruleus) is a species of medium-sized songbird belonging to the family Muscicapidae. It is also known by various other names, such as the Whistling Schoolboy due to its melodious and whistling-like calls. Here are some key details about the Blue Whistling Thrush:
Appearance:
The Blue Whistling Thrush is a striking bird with a deep blue plumage on its upperparts, wings, and tail.
The underparts are typically a rich orange to orange-yellow color, though there can be some variation in different populations.
It has a long tail and a strong, sturdy bill, which helps it forage for food in its habitat.
Males and females generally have similar appearances, but the females may have a slightly duller coloration.
Distribution:
The Blue Whistling Thrush is found in various parts of South Asia, including the Indian subcontinent, the Himalayan region, Southeast Asia, and parts of China.
Its habitat ranges from forested areas, including evergreen and deciduous forests, to rocky streams and ravines. It can also be found in gardens and parks near water bodies.
Behavior:
This bird is known for its powerful and melodious whistling calls, which can often be heard in its territory.
It is usually shy and elusive, and as a result, it can be challenging to spot in the wild despite its striking appearance.
The Blue Whistling Thrush is an omnivorous bird, feeding on a variety of food items, including insects, small invertebrates, fruits, and berries.
Breeding:
The breeding season for the Blue Whistling Thrush varies depending on its location, but it generally occurs during the spring and summer months.
They build cup-shaped nests made of twigs, leaves, and other plant materials in crevices, cliffs, or even man-made structures like buildings and bridges.
The female typically lays 3 to 5 eggs, which are then incubated by both parents.
Conservation status:
The Blue Whistling Thrush is not considered globally threatened, and its population is believed to be stable.
However, like many other bird species, it may face local threats due to habitat loss, pollution, and human disturbances.
Overall, the Blue Whistling Thrush is a beautiful and melodious bird that adds to the rich biodiversity of the regions it inhabits. Observing and listening to their songs can be a rewarding experience for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts.
Himalayan BulBul.
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Himalayan BulBul.
the Himalayan Bulbul is not considered globally threatened. It is widespread across its range, and its population is thought to be stable. However, like many bird species, it may face localized threats due to habitat destruction and fragmentation.
Distribution: The Himalayan Bulbul is primarily found in the Himalayan region, spanning from northern Pakistan through northern India, Nepal, Bhutan, and into parts of southern Tibet, China, and Myanmar.
Habitat: This species inhabits a variety of habitats, including forests, woodlands, shrublands, gardens, and cultivated areas. It is often seen in foothills and lower mountain regions, up to elevations of around 2,500 meters (8,200 feet).
Physical Appearance: The Himalayan Bulbul is a medium-sized songbird, measuring about 20 cm (8 inches) in length. It has a distinctive crest on its head, which can be raised or lowered depending on its mood. The upperparts of the bird are generally brownish-gray, while the underparts are lighter in color. The throat is white, and it has a black eye stripe and a black patch around the ear coverts.
Behavior: Himalayan Bulbuls are social birds and are often seen in pairs or small groups. They are known for their melodious and varied songs, which they use for communication and territory defense. They are active and agile, frequently hopping between branches and foraging for insects, fruits, and berries.
Breeding: Breeding season for the Himalayan Bulbul typically occurs from March to August. They construct cup-shaped nests in trees or bushes, using twigs, leaves, and grass. The female lays a clutch of 2 to 4 eggs, which she incubates for about two weeks. Both parents are involved in feeding and caring for the chicks until they fledge
Laughingthrush
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LaughingthrushAppearance: The Streaked Laughingthrush is a medium-sized bird with a distinctive and attractive appearance. It has a mix of colors, including brown, grey, and white. The crown and upperparts are mainly brown with streaks, while the underparts are whitish with dark streaks. The throat and breast may have more distinct markings, often forming a distinctive pattern.
Range: The species is native to parts of South and Southeast Asia. Its range includes countries such as India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos.
Habitat: Streaked Laughingthrushes are typically found in dense undergrowth and forested areas, especially in the foothills and lower montane regions. They prefer a mix of vegetation and can be found in various forest types, including evergreen, deciduous, and bamboo forests.
Behavior: These birds are social and often found in small groups or family units. They are known for their lively and melodious calls, which they use to communicate with each other. Their distinctive laughing-like calls give them their common name.
Diet: The Streaked Laughingthrush is omnivorous, feeding on a variety of food items. Its diet includes insects, worms, snails, small vertebrates, seeds, berries, and fruits.
Breeding: They build cup-shaped nests in the dense undergrowth of the forest. The female lays a clutch of eggs, and both parents take turns in incubation and caring for the chicks.
Conservation Status: As of 2021, the Streaked Laughingthrush is considered to be of "Least Concern" on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. However, like many bird species, it may face various threats such as habitat loss and fragmentation due to human activities and other potential risks
The Himalayan Monal
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The Himalayan Monal
(Lophophorus impejanus),
also known as the Impeyan Monal or Danphe in Nepal, is a strikingly beautiful bird that belongs to the pheasant family, Phasianidae. It is the national bird of Nepal and also the state bird of Uttarakhand, a state in northern India. Here are some key details about the Himalayan Monal:
Appearance: The Himalayan Monal is a large and colorful bird. The male and female have distinct appearances:
Male: The male Monal has a bright metallic green head and neck, a prominent crest on its head, and a shimmering, multi-colored plumage. The breast is a vibrant coppery-gold color, and the wings are iridescent green, blue, and black. The tail feathers are long and striking, with a mix of iridescent colors, including blue, green, and copper.
Female: The female Monal has a more subdued appearance compared to the male. Her plumage is mainly brown and mottled, providing good camouflage in the forested areas where they reside.
Distribution: The Himalayan Monal is native to the Himalayan region of South Asia. Its range extends across the countries of India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, and Pakistan, at elevations ranging from 2,100 to 4,500 meters (6,900 to 14,800 feet) above sea level.
Habitat: These birds inhabit coniferous and mixed forests with dense undergrowth. They are often found in areas with rhododendron and bamboo vegetation. The steep slopes and valleys of the Himalayas provide an ideal habitat for the Monal.
Behavior: Himalayan Monals are typically shy and elusive birds, preferring to stay concealed in the undergrowth. However, during the breeding season, the males become more vocal and display their colorful plumage during courtship rituals. The males are known for their impressive dancing displays to attract females.
Diet: The diet of the Himalayan Monal primarily consists of vegetation, including leaves, buds, fruits, seeds, and flowers. They may also feed on insects, especially during the breeding season when protein-rich food is crucial for their chicks' development.
Conservation Status: The Himalayan Monal is listed as "Least Concern" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, like many other species, they face habitat loss due to deforestation and human activities in their natural range. Conservation efforts are essential to protect their habitat and ensure their survival.
Cultural Significance: The Himalayan Monal holds significant cultural and religious importance in the Himalayan region. It is considered sacred and is protected in many areas due to its association with local folklore and religious beliefs.
The Himalayan Monal's stunning appearance and symbolic significance make it a prized subject for birdwatchers, wildlife enthusiasts, and conservationists in the Himalayan region
Red-billed Blue Magpies.
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Red-billed Blue Magpies.Physical Appearance:
The Red-billed Blue Magpie is known for its vibrant and contrasting colors. It has a long, graduated tail, which is predominantly blue with white tip feathers. The wings are also blue, but the back and upperparts are a rich purplish-blue. The head, neck, and breast are a deep slate blue, while the belly and underparts are a pale greyish-white.
Red Bill:
As the name suggests, the Red-billed Blue Magpie has a striking red bill, which stands out prominently against its colorful plumage.
Distribution:
This species is native to parts of South Asia, including regions of the Indian subcontinent and parts of Southeast Asia. Its range includes countries such as India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar.
Habitat:
Red-billed Blue Magpies inhabit a variety of forested habitats, including temperate and subtropical forests, wooded valleys, and hillsides. They are commonly found in the foothills of the Himalayas and other mountainous regions.
Behavior:
These magpies are highly social birds and are usually seen in small groups or larger flocks. They are known for their acrobatic and playful behavior, often hopping and leaping through the trees with ease. They have a range of vocalizations, including loud calls and whistles.
Diet:
The Red-billed Blue Magpie has an omnivorous diet, feeding on a variety of food items. Their diet includes fruits, berries, insects, small vertebrates, and occasionally, eggs and nestlings of other bird species.
Breeding:
During the breeding season, which typically occurs from March to June, the magpies build large cup-shaped nests made of twigs and leaves high up in the trees. The female lays a clutch of eggs, and both parents participate in incubation and raising the young.
Potentilla ateisanguinea.
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Potentilla ateisanguinea.
English name - Himalayan Cinquefoil.
Local name - Vajradanti.
The species is very similar to the previous plant. Potentilla argyrophylla. The former species is with yellow flowers and in this species the flowers are dark red. Some taxonomists merge these two species and treat under Potentilla ateisanguinea.
Best time -
June to August
Habitat - Alpine meadows, Rocky slopes, Glacial moraines.
Distribution - Uttarakhand, Himachal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Nepal and Uttar Pradesh.
Altitude - 8000ft. 15000 ft.
Silene Vulgaris Gracke
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Silene Vulgaris Gracke.
VULGARIS means commonly occurring.
Best time -
June to September
Habitat - Alpine meadows, grassy slopes and shady areas.
Distribution - Uttarakhand, Himachal, Sikkim,J&K.
Altitude - 5000 ft. 12000 ft.
USES - Young shoots and leaves are used as vegetable. Leaves are used in treating bronchitis.
CAUTION - THE PLANT CONTAINS SAPONINS, CONSUMING UNCOOKED AND IN LARGE QUANTITIES IS HARMFUL.
ROSA LINNAEUS
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ROSA LINNAEUS.
WORLD- 250 SPECIES
INDIA - 12 SPECIES
Rosa is an ancient Latin name, refers to the rose genus, or the colour.
English name - Wild Rose.
Local name. - Ban gulab, kunj, dund kunj.
Hindi name. - Ban gulab
Best time - June to September
Habitat - Margins of forest, occasionally in open.
Distribution - Uttarakhand, Himachal, Sikkim, Bhutan Nepal,uttar pradesh
Altitude - 7000 ft. To 9500ft.
USES :- FRUIT PULP IS EDIBLE. FLOWERS ARE USED IN TREATING SKIN DISEASES.
CAUTION 
:- HAIR'S ON THE SEEDS CAN CAUSE IRRITATION IN THE MOUTH 
AND DIGESTIVE TRACT
:- HAIR'S ON THE SEEDS CAN CAUSE IRRITATION IN THE MOUTH AND DIGESTIVE TRACT
Rosa sericea
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Rosa sericea
English name - Silky Rose.
Local name - kunj, Dhurkunj.
Best time
June to September
Habitat - Margins of forests, Valley slopes.
Distribution - Uttarakhand, Himachal, Sikkim, Bhutan, and Nepal.
Altitude - 7000ft. To 10500 ft.
Uses - Fruit pulp is edible. Petals are used in flavouring tea Roots are used in uterine diseases. Flowers are employed in bowel complaints.
CAUTION:- HAIRS ON THE SEEDS CAN CAUSE IRRITATION IN THE MOUTH AND DIGESTIVE TRACT.
HERPETOSPERMUM
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HERPETOSPERMUM.
World 2 species
India. 1 species.
English name :- Balsam Apple.
Hindi name. :- Beej karela
August to October.
Altitude :-1500 to 2000 m.
Habitat :- Waysides. River side, Open disturbed area of forest.
Distribution :- uttarakhand, Himachal, Sikkim and China.
USES :- In Tibetan system of medicine seeds are considered to be effective in curing inilammations, fever and piles. Nepalese used roots in case of problems related to bile duct.
CYANANTHUS
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CYANANTHUS
World 30.
India 9 species.
CYANANTHUS means dark blue flowers (Greek: Kyanos "dark blue",Anthos "flowers".)
(Greek: Kyanos "dark blue",Anthos "flowers".)English name:- Trailing Bellflower.
Habitat:- grassy slopes, meadows, often to groups.
Altitude :- 3000 to 4500 m.
Distribution :- uttarakhand, Himachal, Sikkim, Nepal.
USES:- IN TIBETAN MEDICINE, FLOWERS ARE USED IN THE TREATMENT OF DISORDERS DUE TO CONSTIPATION. NEPALESE USES ROOTS FOR TREATING ULCERS
ARE USED IN THE TREATMENT OF DISORDERS DUE TO CONSTIPATION. NEPALESE USES ROOTS FOR TREATING ULCERS 
ABIES
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ABIES
INDIA 4 SPECIES.
ABIES PINDROW .:- PINDROW is a derivations of the Nepalese vernacular name for this Species.
English name:- Silver fir.
Local name :- Raag, raga
Altitude :- 2200 to 3500 m.
Distribution :- Mountain
Himalayas, shady ravines.
Himalayas, shady ravines.Habitat :- Forest, shady ravines
USES:- the bark is said to be effective in curing cough.
ROSA
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ROSA
World 250.species
India12 species
ROSA IS AN LATIN NAME, REFER TO THE ROSE
GENUS, OR THE COLOUR.
GENUS, OR THE COLOUR.ENGLISH NAME:- Wild Rose
HINDI NAME : - Ban Gulab
Habitat :- Margins of forest, occasionally in open
Altitude :- 2500 to 3000 m.
Uses :- Fruit pulp is edible, Flowers are used in treating skinn disease.
are used in treating skinn disease.CAUTION:- HAIRS ON THE SEEDS CAN CAUS IRRITATION IN THE MOUTH AND DIGESTIVE TRACT
COTONEASTER
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COTONEASTER
world 260. Spices
India 59. Species
English name:- Small Leaved COTONEASTER.
Local name :- Bugarchilla, wali.
Altitude 2200 to 5000 m.
Habitat :- Hill slopes, rock crevices and on boulders.
Distribution :- uttarakhand Himachal Sikkim Nepal
USES :- WHOLE PLANT IS HAVING AN ASTRINGENT PROPERTY. FRUITS ARE EDIBLE. LEAVES ARE USED IN TREATING SCABIES.
CIRSIUM
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CIRSIUM
world 150 species
India 7. Species
Local Name :- Kanjyala, Bursa
June to September
Habitat :- Waysides, bunds of agricultural fields.
Distribution :- Uttarakhand, Himachal, China, Nepal.
Altitude :- 1200 to 2500 M.
USES :- PITH OF THE STEM IS USED FOR QUENCHING THIRST.
RHEUM
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RHEUM
WORLD 50 species
INDIA 10 species
Local Name :- Dolu
Altitude. 3500 to 4500 mtr.
June to August
Very Common in mountain slopes and meadows,
Distribution :- Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Nepal, Sikkim, China
USES. :- petiole and inflorescence are used as vegetable,
STATUS. :- Vulnerable.
ERIGERON MULTIRADIATUS
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ERIGERON MULTIRADIATUS
Local Name. :- Rayhanda
Altitude. :- 2500 to 4500mtr.
Habitat. :- very Common in grassy slopes and meadows.
June to September
Uses :- whole plant is used as a brain
tonic and in the treatment of Renal disorders and Stomachache.
tonic and in the treatment of Renal disorders and Stomachache.
FARGARIA nubicola
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FARGARIA nubicolaIn Latin"farga"means Strawberry .
Derived from the world Fragrum referring to the fragrance of the fruit.
English name - Straw berry
Local name - kafal, kiplya
Hindi name - Badri.
Best time - may to mid August
Habitat - meadows, forest margins, grassy slopes and among rocks.
Distribution - uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, sikkim, Bhutan, myanmar, J&K, Nepal and Pakistan.
Altitude - 2100-3900 mtr.
Uses - Fruits are tasty when ripe and has nutritive value. In Nepal, the juice of the plant is used to arrest excessive bleeding during menstruation.
CALTHA palustris
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CALTHA palustris
World -10
India - 2 only in Himalayan region.
The specific name Palustris means dwelling in marshy areas.
English name - Marsh Marigold
Local name - Shomalap.
Best time - Mid May to August.
Habitat- this plant attractive plant can be frequented in wet, damp and marshy areas in alpine meadows.
Distribution- Uttarakhand, Himachal,Bhutan, Sikkim
Altitude - 2100-4500m.
Uses - Leaves are used in treatment of Gonorrhea in ethno medicine. Flowers are used in treating anaemia and warts.
CAUTION - THE SAP OF THE PLANT CAUSE IRRITATION OF SENSITIVE SKIN.
BERBERIS
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BERBERIS
WORLD :- 450 species
INDIA. :- 54 Spices,
Local name:- Kingor
English name:- Indian barberry.
Hindi Name :-. Darul haldi,
Sanskrit name:- Daru haridra.
Best time :-
April to July
Habitat :- in open place and shrubberies.
Distribution :- Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Bhutan and Nepal.
Altitude :- 1500 to 3000mtr.
USES:- IN ETHNO MEDICINE JUICE OF THE BARK OR ROOT IS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF OPTHALMIA. ROOTS ARE USED IN FEVER. FRUITS ARE EDIBLE. IN AYURVEDA, BARK OF THE STEM AND ROOTS ARE USED TO TREAT ANAEMIA, CONSTIPATION, DIABETES,DYSURIA,ERYSIPELAS, EYE DISEASES, JAUNDICE, LEUCORRHOEA.
the plant contains an active principal called as berberine which has marked anti bacterial property.anti cancer property has also been reported in this species
SAUSSUREA OBVALLATA
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SAUSSUREA OBVALLATA
English name :- Sacred Lotus.
Local Name :- Brahmakamal
June to September.
Altitude 3800 to 5000 mtr.
Habitat :- in Rocky slopes in Mountain, among boulders.
Distribution :- Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Bhutan, china, Sikkim
USES :- Locally roots are used to treat cutes and bruises, the whole plant used in Tibetan medicine for treating paralysis of the limbs,
NOTE√ :- Plant is considered as sacred and is offered as a mark of respect to goddess NANDA DEVI.
STATUS :- Critically endangered
VICIA
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VICIA
World :- 150 species
India :- 15 species.
VICIA is a common classical name in the Latin word for this plant.
This species is named in honyof Edmund Gilbert Baker, 20th century British botanist and plant collector in south africa.
Local Name:- Ban chunchuriya , vilya.
Best time :- June to September.
Habitat :- hill slopes, grasslands, agriculture fields.
Distribution :- Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh,Uttar Pradesh, J&K.
Altitude :- 700 to 2500mtr.
USES:- TENDER SHOOTS AND GREEN PODS ARE EDIBLE. SEEDS ARE USED AS A PURGATIVE.
SELINUM
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SELINUM
SELINUM is a diminutive form of SELINAS a kind of plant belonging to cabbage 
family which has leaves resembling this genus.
family which has leaves resembling this genus.English name. Milk parsley
Local name. Bhuktesi.
Altitude. 2700 to 4000 mtr.
June to September
Habitat. In open Grass slopes, alpine meadows.
Distribution. Uttarakhand Himachal Bhutan, Nepal.
IMPATIENS SULCATA
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IMPATIENS SULCATA
English name. Dog
flowers
flowers Local name. Bhangjeer, chaul, kwal.
Altitude. 1800 to 4000 mtr.
June to September
Habitat. Moist areas near Streams, River and Grass slopes, this spices looks very attractive in the valley
Distribution. Uttarakhand, Himachal, Sikkim, Bhutan,china , Nepal.
Uses. Seeds are edible, paste of whole plant in used for treating various skin disease.
SAUSSUREA auriculata
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SAUSSUREA auriculata
Auriculata means having leaves with ear like base
world 403 species India 61.
Local name. Nuri, Nurya, Thimra
August to late October.
Habitat. Alpine slopes, meadows
Distribution. Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan
Altitude. 2000 to 4000 mtr.
Uses. Leaves are used as vegetable.
OXALIS corniculata
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OXALIS corniculata
English name - Indian sorrel.
Local name - Chilmor, Bhilmori.
Hindi name - Katti, bhuti.
Sanskrit Name - Changeri.
Best time.
Throughout the year
Habitat - In shady moist places. A weed of cultivated fields.
Distribution - Uttarakhand, Himachal, Sikkim,
Altitude - sea level to 2500m.
Uses - In ethno medicine, leaves are used as appetizers and to treat cough, cuts and wounds, constipation, dysentery,eye diseases, fever, insect bite, jaundice,skin diseases, swelling, whole plant is used in treating diarrhoea and epilepsy. In AYURVEDA the plant is accredited with astringent, anodyne, antibacterial,antifertility, digestive, stomach,tonic, diuretic,vermifuge properties.
ANAPHALIS
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ANAPHALIS
BEST TIME. JUNE TO SEPTEMBER
ALTITUDE. 3000 TO 5000MTR.
HABITAT. ROCK CREVICES, SHRUBBERIES, GRASSY SLOPES.
DISTRIBUTION. UTTARAKHAND, HIMACHAL PRADESH, NEPAL, BHUTAN, CHINA, SIKKIM
LEONURUS cardiaca.
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LEONURUS cardiaca.
English name - Motherwort, Lion's tail, lion's ear.
Best time - mid May to August
Habitat - forest under growth, waysides
DISTRIBUTION - Uttarakhand, Himachal, Bhutan, Sikkim, J&K Uttar pradesh.
Altitude - 2200-3500m.
Uses - The plant has a long history of it's use as a medicine in Asia and America. The plant is chiefly used in cardiac diseases. It's also used in insomnia, liver and uterine tonic
CAUTION -- THE PLANT MAY CAUSE DERMATITIS IN SOME PEOPLE.
Delphinium
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Delphinium Denudatum
Denudatum:- naked, denuded, without any covering.
Local name :- Jadwar, Nirbhishi
Sanskrit name:- Apabisha, Vishalakarni.
Best time:-
Mid may to July
Habitat:- in open alpine grassy slopes.
Distribution:- Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, sikkim, Punjab,uttar pradesh and J&k
Altitude :- 1500 to 3000mtr.
USES:- Roots are said to have stimulant and tonic properties. Roots are used in relieving toothache. Leaves are used in SNAKEBITE.
SILENE VULGARIS. VULGARIS
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SILENE VULGARIS. VULGARIS means commonly occurring.
Best time:- June to September
Altitude :- 1800-4000mtr.
Habitat :- Alpine Meadows, grassy slopes and shady areas.
Uses :- Young shoots and leaves are used as a vegetable. Leaves are used in treating bronchitis.
CAUTION 
-- the plant contain Saponins; consuming uncooked and in large quantities is harmful.
PEDICULARIS
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PEDICULARIS
World 500 species, India100
Best time:- July to August
Habitat :- Alpine slopes, meadows and among moist rocks.
Altitude: - 2500 to 4500 mtr.
Distribution :- uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Nepal.
Uses:- In Tibetan system of medicine, the flowers are used in the treatment of disease related to seminal and veginal discharge.
are used in the treatment of disease related to seminal and veginal discharge.
ASTER DIPLOSTEPHIOIDES
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SOLIDAGO
WORLD 100 species India -4
English name:- Golden Rod
Local name :- Pinja phool, Sonali,
Best time:-- Jun to September
Habitat :- in the moist open places.
Altitude- 1800 to 3500mtr.
Uses:- Whole plant is used in the treatment Asthma, Rheumatism,cuts. Leaves are used in alleviating kidney trouble. Roots are employed in the treatment of throat infections.
Pine cone
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Pine coneकोण या शंकु (अंग्रेज़ी: cone, कोन)
कुछ ठन्डे इलाक़े के वृक्षों पर उगने वाले फल-नुमा अंग होते हैं (लेकिन यह वास्तव में फल नहीं होते)।
जिन वृक्षों पर यह उगते हैं उन्हें कोणधारी (conifer, कोनिफ़र) कहा जाता है।
इन शंकुओं में पेड़ों के जनन के लिए आवश्यक भाग होते हैं। मादा शंकु अकार में बड़े होते हैं और उनमें बीज बनते हैं जबकि नर शंकु अकार में बहुत छोटे होते हैं और उनमें पराग बनता है। चीड़ के दरख़्तों के नीचे जो कोण पड़े हुए नज़र आते हैं वह वास्तव में बड़े अकार वाले मादा शंकु होते हैं। एक वृक्ष के नर कोणों में बना पराग हवा के प्रवाह से दुसरे वृक्ष की मादा कोणों तक पहुँचता है और फिर उन मादा कोणों में पेड़ के बीज उत्पन्न होते हैं।
वानस्पतिक नाम: Pinus
सामान्य नामः चीड़ का पेड़
पौधे का प्रकारः नीडल सदाबहार वृक्ष
परिपक्व आकारः 60 से 80 फीट लंबा, 20 से 40 फुट फैला हुआ
सूर्य एक्सपोजरः पूर्ण सूर्य से आंशिक छाया तक
Altitude - 1700-5000mtr
ARTEMISIA myriantha
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ARTEMISIAmyriantha
World 500 species.
India 32 species.
Artemisia is derived from the name of Greek goddess Artemis. She treated herself with this plant and named it as Artemisia.
Local name - kurnji.
Best time - may to December.
Habitat - way side forest, occasionally in shrubberies
Distribution - uttarakhand, himachal pradesh, J&K, Karnataka,uttar pradesh.
Altitude - 1500- 2500mtr.
Uses - this species contain active principal which can repel insect.
Rumex
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Rumex
Local name - Chukil
English name - Sorrel.
World 200 species, India 15,
Best time June to August
Altitude- 2000- 4000 mtr.
Uses:- Local people use the whole plant as a laxative and in stomach disorders, leaves are edible and used in Chutneys.
Very Common On Mountain Slopes And Meadows.
Nimula
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Local name:- Nimula
World :- 40 species, India 6
Best time:- August to October
Altitude :- 1800 - 4500mtr.
Distribution:- Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Bhutan, China, Nepal, J&K.
Uses : - Leaves are used to treat sores and wounds.
Golden Rod
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English name - Golden Rod
Local name - Pinja-phool, Sonali
World:100 species, India :4
Altitude - 1800 - 3500 MTR.
Best time - June to September.
Uses :- Whole plant is used in the treatment Asthma, Rheumatism. Roots are employed in the treatment of throat infections.